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These lines gather system memory and swap information and calculate the proportion of these system resources currently used by the running processes. One interesting bit is the use of the set command; it uses the result of greping through /proc/meminfo to assign values to positional parameters. This is a convenient way of assigning each item in a spaceseparated sequence of items to its own variable.

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The manageability monitor light (MMNL) process shows up as the Manageability Monitor Process 2 when you query the V$BGPROCESS view. The process flushes data from the Active Session History (ASH) to disk whenever the buffer is full. The MMNL process also performs other manageabilityrelated tasks, such as capturing session history data and computing database metrics.

The memory manager (MMAN) process coordinates the sizing of the memory components. MMAN keeps track of the sizes of the memory components and the pending resize operations. It observes the system and workload in order to determine the ideal distribution of memory, and it ensures that the needed memory is available.

Oracle uses the job queue coordination (CJQO) process to schedule and run user jobs. The coordinator process dynamically spawns job queue slave processes (J000 through J999), which run the user jobs.

The rebalance master (RBAL) process coordinates disk rebalancing activity when you use an Automatic Storage Management (ASM) storage system.

set `grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo` tot_mem=$2 ; tot_mem_unit=$3 set `grep MemFree /proc/meminfo` free_mem=$2 ; fre_mem_unit=$3 perc_mem_used=$((100-(100*free_mem/tot_mem))) set `grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo` tot_swap=$2 ; tot_swap_unit=$3 set `grep SwapFree /proc/meminfo` free_swap=$2 ; fre_swap_unit=$3 perc_swap_used=$((100-(100*free_swap/tot_swap)))

The ASM background (ASMB) process is present in all Oracle databases that use an ASM storage system. The ASMB process communicates with the ASM instance by logging into the ASM instance as a foreground process.

Note The RBAL and ORBn processes are used only if you use Oracle s Automatic Storage Management. When you use ASM, you must create an ASM instance, and that instance will use these processes to perform disk storage management. The OSMB process acts as the mediator between your database (when you re using ASM-based disk storage) and the ASM instance. I discuss ASM in detail in 17.

Once you have a project with files compiled to managed code as well as files compiled to native code, you need to call functions compiled to managed code from functions compiled to native code and vice versa. As mentioned in 1, function declarations and type declarations are sufficient to call from native to managed code and vice versa. 9 discusses all internals of function calls with managed/unmanaged transitions.

There s a new type of log known as a flashback log, and it logs the before images of Oracle blocks from the new flashback buffers, which are located in the system global area (SGA), which is the name for Oracle s memory allocation. (I discuss the SGA in the The System Global Area (SGA) section, later in this chapter.) When you enable the new flashback database feature (which is explained in 16), Oracle starts the recovery writer (RVWR) process to write the flashback data from the flashback buffer to the flashback logs. In a sense, the RVWR S job is analogous to that of the LGWR background process.

Oracle tracks the physical location of database changes in a new file called the change-tracking file. Oracle s backup utility, the Recovery Manager (RMAN), uses the change-tracking file to determine which data blocks to read during an incremental backup, making the incremental backups faster by avoiding reading entire data files. The change-tracking writer (CTWR) process is the new Oracle background process that writes change information to the change-tracking file. You ll learn more about the CTWR process in 15, which discusses database backups.

Once the script has calculated percentages, the color of the output is set depending on the usage value that is being reported. Messages reporting usage levels of less than 80 percent appear in green, values between 80 and 90 percent appear in yellow, and 90 percent utilization or greater values appear in red. I have chosen the percentages somewhat arbitrarily. One improvement to the script would be to replace the percentage values with variables that are initialized using either a command-line switch or a configuration file.